Measuring institutional pressures in a supply chain context: scale development and testing

Purpose Increasing amount of empirical research in operations and supply chain management is using institutional theory as its theoretical lens. Yet, a common scale to measure the three pressures – coercive, mimetic normative lacking. Many studies use proxies or single, grouped, construct external which present methodological challenges. This study aims development multi-item scales (in purchasing context). Design/methodology/approach First, items were generated based on definitions. These then tested through academic sorting an international survey. The first testing failed produce reliable valid scales, further refinement analysis revealed that coercive pressure splits into two separate constructs. A second q-sorting was conducted with practitioners, followed by another survey Italy verify new measurement for four pressures. Findings multimethod multistage reveals empirically actually turn distinct constructs: market regulatory pressure. Originality/value results paper, namely, are important contribution future research. They much-needed these constructs increasingly used